Kekerasan terhadap Anak dalam Perspektif Patologi Sosial: Faktor Penyebab, Dampak Psikologis, dan Peran Bimbingan Konseling Islam
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Abstract
Kekerasan terhadap anak merupakan salah satu bentuk patologi sosial yang masih menjadi permasalahan serius di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Fenomena ini berdampak pada kondisi fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan perilaku anak dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerasan terhadap anak dalam perspektif patologi sosial melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan PRISMA dengan tahapan identifikasi, screening, eligibility, dan inclusion terhadap artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink pada rentang tahun 2022–2026. Berdasarkan hasil seleksi, diperoleh 16 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan terhadap anak dipengaruhi oleh konflik keluarga, kekerasan domestik, tekanan sosial, budaya patriarki, kondisi psikologis pelaku, serta lemahnya kontrol sosial masyarakat. Selain itu, kekerasan terhadap anak menimbulkan dampak berupa trauma psikologis, depresi, kecemasan, perilaku agresif, dan kenakalan remaja. Pembahasan penelitian menegaskan bahwa penanganan kekerasan terhadap anak memerlukan pendekatan multidimensional melalui aspek sosial, psikologis, pendidikan, dan spiritual. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan peran keluarga, masyarakat, dan Bimbingan Konseling Islam penting dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan terhadap anak.
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